Page 104 - Genetics_From_Genes_to_Genomes_6th_FULL_Part3

398 Chapter 11 Analyzing Genomic Variation

Locus A B C D E F G H
Amel XX XX XY XX XX XX XY XX
D3S1358 17,18 17,18 14,17 16,17 16,18 13,15 14,16 17,18
D5S818 12,12 — 12,12 12,12 12,12 11,12 12,12 12,12
D13S317 11,11 11,11 — 11,11 11,11 10,14 11,12 11,11
D16S539 11,11 11,11 11,14 11,14 — 10,12 11,14 9,11
D8S1179 13,16 15,16 13,15 13,16 16,16 13,14 15,16 15,16

b. Three PCR reactions failed to yield PCR products. 21. The figure that follows shows DNA fingerprint anal-
If the reactions had worked properly, what alleles ysis of the genomic DNA from semen associated
would you expect to see in each case? with a rape (***) and from mouth swabs (somatic
c. Are any of the daughters identical twins? cells) of individuals 1–4. This analysis involves the
d. What kind of evidence could you obtain from the PCR amplification of six SSR loci, each from a dif-
ferent (nonhomologous) chromosome. All PCR
skeletons to differentiate among the daughters? primers used are 20 nucleotides long; the primers for
e. How do these DNA fingerprints repudiate the each locus have fluorescent tags in a locus-specific
claims of Anna Anderson? color. In the gel, some bands are thicker because rel-
The DNA fingerprint data in the table are certainly atively more of the corresponding PCR product was
consistent with the idea that some of these skeletons obtained. The figure has dots aligned on both sides
were members of the Tsar’s family, but they do not
prove the hypothesis. To investigate further, foren-
sic scientists obtained blood samples from Prince
Philip (the consort of Queen Elizabeth II of Great
Britain) and compared his DNA fingerprint to those
obtained from the skeletal remains in Russia. A
family genealogy is provided here. The results vali-
dated that the Tsar’s family was indeed interred in
these graves.

Queen Victoria

Tsar Tsarina
Nicholas II Alix

Olga Tatiana Maria Anastasia Tsarevitch
Alexei

Prince Philip
f. For autosomal DNA markers, what percentage of
alleles in the Tsarina’s skeleton should match with
alleles in Prince Philip’s genome?
g. For autosomal DNA markers, what percentage of
alleles in the Tsarevitch’s skeleton should match
with alleles in Prince Philip’s genome?
h. A question for genealogy aficionados: What is
Prince Philip’s relationship with the Tsarina?